Grammar – Tiếng Anh Lớp 9
1. Past simple tense
♦ To talk about past activities
a) Lan took Maryam to Hoan Kiem Lake.
b) The girls visited Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum.
♦ With wish
a) I wish you had a longer vacation.
b) I wish I were older.
c) They wish they stayed in Hue.
2. The Present perfect
a) Writers and musicians have mentioned the ao dai in poems, novels and songs.
b) I’ve already seen Giac Lam Pagoda.
c) Have you ever eaten Vietnamese food?
3. Direct and reported speech
♦ Changes in tense
Direct speech | Reported speech |
present simple I walk |
past simple I walked |
present progressive I am walking |
past progressive I was walking |
past simple I walked |
past simple/past perfect* I walked. / I had walked* |
past progressive I was walking |
past progressive/past perfect progresiive* I was walking. / I had been walking |
present perfect I have walked |
past perfect I had walked |
present perfect progressive I have been walking |
past perfect progressive I had been walking |
past perfect I had walked |
past perfect I had walked |
past perfect progressive I had been walking |
past perfect progressive I had been walking |
♦ optional, dependent on context
NOTE:
The past perfect tenses had + past participle, had + been + V-ing will be introduced in grades 10, 11 and 12.
a) Aunt Xuan said she was happy to see you.
b) Ba told Liz that he had been there before.
♦ Reported questions
a) She asked me what my name was.
b) She asked me where I lived.
c) She asked me if I spoke any other languages.
d) She asked me if I liked pop music.
e) She asked me who taught me English.
f) She asked me how I learned English.
4. Here and now words in reported speech
Table | Direct speech | Reported speech |
TIME | now today tonight tomorrow yesterday last night two days ago |
then / immediately that day that night the next / following day the day before / the previous day the night before two days before / earlier |
PLACE | here | there |
DEMONSTRATIVE HEADS | this these |
that those |
a) “I’ll go to Hue tomorrow.”
Miss Chi said she would go to Hue the following day.
b) “I’m having a wonderful time here.”
Mai said she was having a wonderful time there.
5. Passive voice
Be + past participle
Modal verbs + be + past participle
a) Rice is grown in tropical countries.
b) Traditionally, the ao dai was frequently worn by both men and women.
c) Jean clothes were made completely from cotton.
d) The food has been cooked.
e) Five million bottles of champagne will be produced next year.
f) This exercise must be done carefully.
g) The problem can be solved easily.
6. Gerunds
Gerunds after some verbs
Verbs such as enjoy, hate, like, love, …can be followed by a gerund.
a) In Viet Nam people love reading newspapers and magazines.
b) She enjoys cooking on weekends.
c) You like watching sports, don’t you?
d) Ba hates waking up early.
7. Tag questions
a) You like watching sports, don’t you, Trung?
b) You don’t like foreign films, do you?
c) You have read this article on the website, havent you?
d) Baird produced the first TV pictures in 1926, didnt he?
8. Modals with if
We can join an if clause to a main clause which contains a modal verb. The modal verb gives more information about the outcome relating to ability, certainty, permission, obligation, and/or necessity.
a) If you want to improve your English, we can help you.
b) If you want to get good grades, you must study hard.
c) If you don’t pay in advance, you must give us a 10 percent deposit.
9. Conditional sentences: type 1
if + present tense, will + verb
a) If you can’t find your place, I will help you get there with this map.
b) If we work hard, we’ll make this beach a clean and beautiful place again.
c) If the rice paddies are polluted, the rice plants will die.
10. Conditional sentences: type 2
if + past tense, would/could/might + verb
a) If you saw a UFO, what would you do?
b) If you were on board now, you would experience those marvelous things.
c) What would you do if you met an alien from outer space?
11. Relative clauses
Relative pronouns
* The possessive relative pronouns will be learned more intensively in the upper grades.
a) Tet is a festival which occurs in late January or early February.
b) Family members who live apart try to be together at Tet.
c) To the one whose feelings for me are so strong that the word love can’t describe them.
d) He is a considerate and generous man who is loved not only by his family but also by all his friends.
e) Viet Nam, which is in south-east Asia, exports rice.
f) Neil Armstrong, who first walked on the moon, lived in the USA.
• Types of relative clauses
There are two types of relative clauses: defining and non-defining.
Defining
g) Tornadoes are funnel-shaped storms which pass overland below a thunderstorm.
h) The typhoon may damage the water pipes which supply our home.
Non-defining
i) Mount Pinatubo, which is a volcano in the Philippines, erupted in 1991.
j) Ninety percent of earthquakes occur around the Pacific Rim, which is known as the “Ring of Fire”.
12. Adjectives
Adjective + that clause
This structure is used with adjectives that refer to feelings or certainty. The word that does not always have to be included.
Some of the adjectives that can be used in this structure are: afraid, angry, bad, certain, disappointed, glad, grateful, happy, helpful, hopeful, important, lucky, pleased, possible, sad, sorry, sure, thankful, true, wrong.
a) I’m disappointed that people have spoiled this area.
b) We are pleased that you got in touch.
13. Adverb clauses
♦ Adverb clauses of result
a) Everyone felt tired and hungry, so they sat down under the tree and had a snack.
b) The Parkers are nice so Van feels like a member of their family.
♦ Adverb clauses of reason
a) Because pollution is something that other folk do, we’re just enjoying our day.
b) Unfortunately my company does not produce recycled paper since it is more expensive to make than regular paper.
♦ Adverb clauses of concession
a) Thu Ha is not satisfied with her preparation for Tet, even though she has decorated her house and made plenty of cakes.
b) Although we don’t have a Mother’s Day in Viet Nam, Dad and I have special gifts and parties for my mom every year on the 8th of March.
c) Many tourists enjoy festivals in Viet Nam though they do not understand Vietnamese culture very much.
14. Prepositions of time: up to, till,…
a) He will stay there till the beginning of October.
b) In the afternoon, he feeds the chickens and collects their eggs.
c) Mr. Thanh leaves Ha Noi at 2 pm.
Ở trên là toàn bộ ngữ pháp được tổng hợp trong sách giáo khoa Tiếng Anh Lớp 9, bài học giúp các bạn tổng hợp lại kiến thức đã học, từ đó làm nền tảng cho chương trình học tiếp theo.
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